Restrictions of Freedom of Assembly and Association in Slovenia during COVID-19 Pandemic
Słowa kluczowe:
Constitutional Court, civil rights, freedom of assembly, freedom of association, political rights, SloveniaAbstrakt
Slovenia is one of the European Union Member States which disproportionately restricted political rights during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the new government of Prime Minister Janez Janša came to power in March 2020, the anti-government and anti-lockdown protests have been taking place across the country. The pandemic-related restrictions have been introduced by government’s ordinances. They have greatly limited political rights of citizens, in particular the right to public assembly and association. Citizens’ dissatisfaction with the government’s policies and inadequate handling of the epidemic, resulting in undue restrictions on liberty and other fundamental rights, led to the filing of petitions to the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court, resolving the dispute between citizens and the government, ruled that government regulations implementing restrictions on fundamental rights, particularly the rights to public assembly and association, were unconstitutional in several cases.Bibliografia
Bardutzky S., Limits in Times of Crisis: on Limitations of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the Slovenian Constitutional Order, „Central European Journal of Comparative Law” 2020, vol. 1, no. 2.10.47078/2020.2.9-31
Bayer L., Inside Slovenia’s War on the Media, www.politico.eu/article/slovenia-war-on-media-janez-jansa/.
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, U-I–83/20, http://www.us-rs.si/documents/2e/ab/u-i-83–20-odlocba4.pdf.
Flander B., “Constitutional Unconstitutionality”: Constitutional Review of the COVID-19 Restrictions on Fundamental Rights in Slovenia, „Law, Identity and Values” 2022, vol. 2, nr 1.10.55073/2022.1.25-64
Hafner-Fink M., S. Uhan, Life and Attitudes of Slovenians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Problem of Trust, „International Journal of Sociology” 2021, vol. 51, no. 1.10.1080/00207659.2020.1837480
Istenič S., The Role of Media in Democratic Consolidation of Taiwan and Slovenia, „Asian and African Studies” 2012, vol. 16(2).10.4312/as.2012.16.2.67-77
Knoll R., We Will Not Yield to Pressure, www.ecpmf.eu/22-slovene-editors-write-joint-public-letter/.
Konstytucja Republiki Słowenii z dnia 23 grudnia 1991 r., tłum. Piotr Winczorek, http://biblioteka.sejm.gov.pl/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Slowenia_pol_010711.pdf.
Kukovič S., Local government fighting COVID-19: the Case of Slovenian Municipalities, „Politics in Central Europe” 2021, vol. 17, no. 4.10.2478/pce-2021-0034
Kużelewska E., Slovenia’s crisis-driven path from neo- to quasi-militant democracy, (w:) J. Rak, R. Bäcker (red.), Neo-militant Democracies in Post-communist Member States of the European Union, Routledge: Abington, New York.
MFRR REPORT: Press Freedom Deteriorating in Slovenia under Latest Janša Government, https://www.mfrr.eu/wpcontent/uploads/2021/06/Slovenia_PressFreedomMission_Report_Final_20210630.pdf.
Odlok o začasni splošni prepovedi gibanja in zbiranja ljudi na javnih mestih in površinah v Republiki Sloveniji (Dz.U. RS nr 30/20 i 38/20), http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ODLO2018.
Podolak M., Rights of Sexual Minorities as the subject of Referenda in the Republic of Slovenia, „Białostockie Studia Prawnicze” 2019, vol. 24, nr 1.10.15290/bsp.2019.24.01.03
Report Critical of Slovenia Limiting Freedom during Pandemic, „Slovenia Times” 2021, https://sloveniatimes.com/report-critical-of-slovenia-limiting-freedoms-during-pandemic/.
Rozporządzenia w sprawie tymczasowego, częściowego zakazu przemieszczania się i gromadzenia się osób w celu zapobiegania zakażeniom SARS-CoV–2, (Dz.U. RS, nr 27/21, 30/21 i 35/21; Dz.U. RS, nr 27/21, 30/21, 35/21, 40/21 oraz 43/21, Dz.U. RS, nr 47/21; Dz.U. RS, nr 55/21 oraz Dz.U. RS, nr 63/21, 66/21, i 69/21).
Rule of Law Report 2021: Slovenia, https://s3.fr-par.scw.cloud/djnd/pravnamreza/documents/Rule_of_Law_Slovenia_2021.pdf.
Sąd Konstytucyjny Słowenii, U-I–50/21, https://www.us-rs.si/decision/?lang=en&q=&case-Id=U-I–50%2F21&df=&dt=&af=&at=&pri=1&vd=&vo=&vv=&vs=&ui=&va=&page=1&sort=&order=&id=116659.
Sąd Konstytucyjny Słowenii, U-I–79/20, https://www.us-rs.si/odlocba-ustavnega-sodisca-st-u-i-79–20-z-dne-13–5–2021/.
Teršek A., J. Dragan, D. Pavlin, B. Nastran, N. Vražič, On the Legality and Constitutionality of the Measures by which the Slovenian Government Restricted Constitutional Rights and Freedoms Before and Aft er the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic: Part 1, „Open Political Science” 2021, vol. 4.10.1515/openps-2021-0015
Ustawa o Sądzie Konstytucyjnym (Dz.U. RS nr 64/07 i 109/12) https://www.us-rs.si/media/the.constitutional.court.act-zusts.pdf.
Vučko K., I. Šori, Legal environment and space of civil society organisations in supporting fundamental rights. Slovenia, https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/franet_slovenia_civic_space_2021.pdf.
Zakon o dopolnitvi Zakona o Vladi Republike Slovenije [Ustawa o Rządzie Słowenii], (Dz.U. RS nr 109/08 i 8/12), http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pravniRedRSSearch?search=Government+of+the+Republic+of+Slovenia+Act.
Zakon o javnih zbiranjih (ZJZ) [ustawa Prawo o zgromadzeniach publicznych], (Uradni list RS, št. 64/11 – uradno prečiščeno besedilo), https://www.uradni-list.si/glasilo-uradni-list-rs/vsebina/2011–01–2970?sop=2011–01–2970.
Zakon o nalezljivih boleznih [ustawa o chorobach zakaźnych], (Dz.U. RS nr 69/95 i 178/21), http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=ZAKO433.
